The daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) ascended to the throne in 1558. Elizabeth’s artful use of ambiguity infuses her writing. She produced the first English translation of Horace’s Art of Poetry. Her respect for learning created an atmosphere conducive to the arts and education, and cultural life flourished during her reign. Edmund Spenser wrote his powerful Faerie Queen in her honor.